Why You Should Visit The Beautiful Town Of Alghero, Sardinia
Sardinia is a jewel of the Mediterranean ocean.
It's the second largest island of the Med, only Sicily is larger but Sardinia has only 1.6 million inhabitants. The north west of the island is the place I know best, Alghero in particular. I've spent many holidays in this beautiful medieval walled town at differing times of the year and have never been disappointed by the town's beauty and the warmth of its inhabitants.
The walks through the old town are always a joy, watching holidaying Italian families strolling through the narrow cobbled streets, stopping to do a bit of window shopping or to speak to a fellow holiday maker.
Children playing outside one of the many wonderful Gelateria's, locals sat on benches in one of the piazza's talking loudly about life in Alghero. Stopping for an espresso or a red wine at one of the piazza cafes and watching the world go by is a must, the place seems so alive but yet so relaxed. A walk along Il Bastioni (the fortified perimeter wall) as the sun is setting over the distant hills, looking out to sea and Capo Caccia, the vast headland jutting out into the sea is a wonderful way to see the day out.
Strolling couples arm in arm, families out for the evening with the children, old Algherese fishermen sat in groups outside their houses singing traditional fishing songs, there really can't be many better ways to end a day. If you are staying in a self catering apartment in Alghero the day is best started with a visit down to one of the many small family bakeries to buy a selection of breakfast pastries and buy fresh bread for lunch. I've never tasted fresh bread as good as that from the bakeries in Alghero, accompanied with Sardinia butter and jam it's hard to beat.
Take a stroll down to one of the local cafes where the locals get their early morning fix of espresso, to read the days sports papers and have a heated discussion about last nights Calcio game or the latest scandal to hit Italian society, just sit back, sip your coffee and observe, it's so stereo-typical but it really is the way Algherese people are, shouting the odds at each other one minute and then giving a polite Ciao before finishing their coffee and going about their business.
Alghero is relatively quiet during the day time so taking a stroll through the old town can be quite a quick and a pleasant experience, the streets are quite narrow and it can get very crowded when busy. I would recommend hiring a car if staying in Alghero for loner than a few days, it's a very easy place to drive around, it's very difficult to get lost in the surrounding area and there is plenty to explore within a short distance.
To the north of Alghero are the beaches of La Pinetta, La Bombardi, Lazzaretto and Mugoni. Mugoni has a wonderful cafe beach bar, Bar Delle Ninfe which has been run by the same family for over thirty years and is open everyday except Christmas Day. Out of season all of the beaches are very pleasantly quiet; don't be surprised to find yourself the only person there! Even as far into the season as June you may find yourself on a deserted stretch of beautiful white sand.
Be sure to head for Mugoni, order a beer or a coffee from Rafaele at Bar Delle Ninfe and sit and watch the sea and Capo Caccia from outside the bar. As you sit there and drink your beer or coffee listen to the silence of the beach and sea and remind yourself that there's a whole world of hustle and bustle that you've left behind to be sat there, and enjoy your drink that bit more.
I'm looking into 2 different jet skii's. Here are the 2 links: http://seattle.craigslist.org/see/boa/33...
http://seattle.craigslist.org/see/boa/33...
One is a 97' Sea Doo Bombardier GTX and the other is a '97 Kawasaki STX900
Which one is better as far as reliablity, gas hog or not, bigger engine, tank size, better speed & just overall better?
i can't find any info on the internet so any sites would be great!
Good place to go is sea-doo.net they can answer everything about Sea-Doos. I myself am a Certified Sea-Doo mechanic and love them. The Kawasaki is a triple cylinder right? Not too fond of those but Polaris is worse. If you can take them both out for a test drive then go, you will make your mind up real fast then. Sea-Doo didn't change the GTX until 2003 when they went to 4-stoke only. Sea-Doo only had the 800CC (110 HP) in the 97 and they went to the 951 (130 HP)in 98 so that might be better for you if you like pulling tubes and skiers.
EKIPA Z GłOWNA WYGłUPY NA BOMBARDIER SEA-Doo Rxp 215
SeaDoo covers not only feature versatility, but also perfect color coodination to your vehicle. SeaDoo's strapless design, made of a solution-dyed fabric, offers easy manipulation and increased UV resistance. Covers also feature a patended air release vent system for trailering....
SeaDoo covers not only feature versatility, but also perfect color coodination to your vehicle. SeaDoo's strapless design, made of a solution-dyed fabric, offers easy manipulation and increased UV resistance. Covers also feature a patended air release vent system for trailering....
Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Guided Light Transit (GLT, French: ) is a public transport system manufactured by Bombardier Transportation and used in the French cities of Nancy and Caen. Though both of the systems in these cities are referred ...
SeaDoo covers not only feature versatility, but also perfect color coodination to your vehicle. SeaDoo's strapless design, made of a solution-dyed fabric, offers easy manipulation and increased UV resistance. Covers also feature a patended air release vent system for trailering....
With Summer around the corner and the boat show season drawing to a close, Andrew Galwey looks at the how-to of buying your dream boat at the right price.
As the fine spring weather melds into the warm and sunny summer conditions many of us get the first urge to get out on the water. And a fair portion will no doubt be thinking of taking the plunge and buying their own pride and joy to take to the water for themselves.
For those who are considering just this, you will no doubt be conscious of the many considerations that come with buy a boat. With burgeoning boat shows, determined sales staff and dealers and even the increased foreign presence on the local boating market, it can seem like a daunting task just getting started.
To that end the best thing you can do when starting out is to make a list of the things you want in a boat, in order of importance. Take some time to think of what you are really after. For most there is no ‘perfect boat’ but a thorough list will help you get as close to the mark as possible when selecting your model.
As an example, if you are a die-hard fisherman then the chances are you’ll buy a boat that can take on offshore conditions and will need to look accordingly. Similarly, if you have a family or mates that you intend on taking on the water on the weekend you will be looking for a vessel with some cockpit space or at least some shelter and weather protection. Alternatively, if you have more modest ambitions and perhaps just want to occasionally dangle a line on the harbour or estuary then a smaller boat may be more practical.
That brings us to the most important consideration - the bottom line. Most of us would love a 50-foot motor cruiser but few of us have the means. Thus drawing up a budget before you begin is an important thing to do.
Plenty of people buy boats only to find out later they can’t afford. Boating should be about enjoyment so the last thing we want to do is spend more than we can afford.
A good budget will include not just the drive-away price of the boat, but also on-going costs like registration, insurance, motor service, fuel, oil and general upkeep.
Boat Packages
When it comes time to buy boats there will be plenty of different options too. For a first boat buyer looking for a factory model, the BMT (boat, motor, trailer) package has appeal. With this package the advantage is that the boat has been allocated an appropriate engine and trailer, which saves the buyer the hassle of doing it personally.
The cut price specials offered by dealers may also have immediate appeal for the savings that are on offer, but caution should be taken here. These deals often will leave you with a bottom of the line trailer and an underpowered engine package.
Also when choosing an engine it pays to be aware of the recommended power range. Over powering, or under powering will result in reduced on water efficiency so should be avoided. Remember too that the cheapest motor will not always deliver the best outcome.
A good tip is to make a list of what comes standard with any sort of new and used boats you look at. As a general rule a standard package should always include necessary items such as trailer tie-downs, a battery box, anchor gear, lifejackets and an inshore safety pack. Sometimes dealers will throw in things such a VHF radio or sounder as part of the purchase although that is by no means guaranteed.
Once price has been considered you also need to consider the quality of the boat, the construction material and its rigidity, quality of the finish and the reputation of the builder. The better-regarded brands definitely attract better resale value. Constructors of lesser renown might offer a cheaper boat, however their resale value will be less and they might be harder to sell.
Don’t be afraid to ask the dealer the tough questions. After all, as a buyer you have a right to know all the details of what you are purchasing. Furthermore, ask to do an on-water test of the boat because the results can be revealing. Boats tend to look pretty impressive in the show room, but you aren’t paying for them to be driveway decoration!
Water Test
Where possible get out on the water, put the boat through its paces and see how it really performs and if it suits your needs.
Just about all dealerships nowadays will let you try before you buy, but you should aim for a test during spring or perhaps early autumn as the summer ‘silly season’ tends to find many dealers operating flat out.
Similarly, you can always read up on boat tests of vessels that take your fancy. TBF has over 500 tests on its online database and these are readily accessible to subscribers. These tests can be accessed at the www.marinews.com website and provide thorough, unbiased appraisal of a plethora of brands and models.
As mentioned beforehand the size of the boat you purchase should reflect your on-water ambitions. The size of your purchase will depend upon the amount of money you have to spend but other important factors include your location and your towing capacity.
If you are a fisherman and living near by small lakes and estuarine waters then a smaller, fishing boats with flatter bottom will be more practical. It may well save you a good deal on unnecessary expenses too. If you live on the coast and want to tackle offshore conditions then you will probably be looking for a boat with deep internal freeboard and deeper bow Vee to counter the chop.
Trailing your rig is an important consideration too. Standard sedans for example can tow up to 1600kgs on a trailer fairly easily, however anything much heavier will require a 4WD or higher end ute. If you are planning to launch from steep or rugged ramps or on the beach then a 4WD is certainly the way to go.
As for your trailer, once the rig exceeds 750kgs you will need brakes for your trailer. Once the rig hits the two-ton mark you will require a brake-away system with electric/hydraulic brakes. The legal road width for trailing in Australia is 2.5m, which is worth considering, as a boat that exceeds this width will require a wide load permit.
Right Type
Once again your purpose will affect your purchase. Remember that bigger is not always better and that you should always buy for your requirements.
The runabout style is a good all-round choice for the family boater looking to enjoy sunny days on the water over the weekend. There is plenty of room to fish and the spacious cockpit is ideal for the wife and kids. The simple addition of a canopy will give you all the weather protection you need too.
The cuddy design is great when you want to stay overnight or are in need of some weather and wave protection. A cuddy design is also more practical for southern state boaters where the weather can get colder.
A console design is the consummate fishing platform, providing walk-around decks and acres of fishing space. The drawback with the centralized driving position is a lack of shelter. This style of boat will be ideal for the daytime fisherman.
Lastly there is the bowrider style, which cleverly combines cruising and fishing aspects. This is achieved by the provision of a centralised walk-through aisle and fold up windscreen. Bow lounges are often convertible to provide a casting platform or additional fishing space. For the amateur fisherman who wants to keep the family in comfort the bowrider might be an answer.
The amount of shelter provided by these styles is often a prime consideration when buying. The harsh Australian sun and frequent cold, wet and windy conditions in southern states often make boating very unpleasant without sufficient shelter. This is why, regardless of the design type, it’s worth investigating your options on a bimini, clears or folding canopy.
New or Used
The question of new or used boat is most interesting, especially if you have a limited budget. Sometimes second hand might be the answer, however the advantages of buying new boat is you get a reliable motor and the latest in design technology. A hull and engine warranty is also added benefits of buying new boats. New boats generally allow for four-stroke technology too, which is another environmentally friendly incentive.
The decision here is really a personal one, because in some cases a well cared for second-hand or used boat may save you plenty of dollars. However, used boats also tend to have many more question marks than a factory-fresh model.
Finally, when it comes time to sign on the dotted line you should be comfortable with your dealer and confident that he/she will be there if problems occur in future. To this end it’s a good idea to see if the dealer is a member of the Boating Industry Association (BIA), and equally importantly, well respected and trusted.
A new boat will come with a specified HIN number and your dealer will provide you with registration, insurance and warranty paperwork too.
Ensure your boat is insured and has third party accident cover from the moment you take possession. Be aware that during the pre Christmas period it can take several weeks, sometimes even months, for your boat to be delivered.
Lastly, don’t forget to give the boat a run before you take off for the holiday up the coast, that way you can iron out any problems while you are close to the dealer.
So if you are after a boat, happy hunting and remember to keep what you really want and can afford foremost in mind. Do that and you’ll be happy with the end result.
About the Author
Andrew Galwey is the CEO/manager of Marine Publications Pty Ltd, He’s the publisher of Trailerboat Fisherman and Australian Boating magazines and the owner and developer of marinews.com Pty Ltd. We offers New boats, buy and sell boats facility and boats for sale to Australian based dealers and individuals.
Brand NEW Bike Roof Rack Bicycle Lift Garage Storage Pulley Racks - Increase Space with this Great NEW Design!! Pulleys allow for less strain on back for you!!...
American Dimestore models capture the nostalgic look and feel of plastic cars and trucks from the 1940's and 50's. Colorful and sturdy, the models are great to display or enhance your O Gauge train layout....
Cozy Cruiser Trailer/Jogger 2-seat bike trailer/jogger is easy to convert without tools or leftover parts. It attaches easily to the rear of most bikes. The comfort-plus sling seat suspension ensures a comfortable ride for your child while the 5-point harness keeps him safe and sound. The hideaway front wheel and easy-rolling rear wheels make for a smooth ride while the fully adjustable padded han...
OWN THIS BRAND NEW TRAILER HITCH MADE CUSTOM FOR CHRYSLER PT CRUISER. THIS HITCH SHIPS DIRECTLY FROM MANUFACTURER. NO DRILLING OR CUTTING IS REQUIRED. PLEASE USE THE INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS ABOVE TO GET AN ACCURATE IMAGE OF PRODUCT AND INSTALLATION STEPS....
This hitch is manufactured by Curt Mfg. Hitch will look different than the sample photo shown. All hitches include hardware kit required for installation. Please use the installation link provided above to see the exact illustration of the product and the necessary steps required for installation. U-Haul hitches are manufactured by the following companies: Curt Manufacturing, Valley Industries and...
This digital document is an article from Trailer Boats, published by Ehlert Publishing Group on February 1, 2005. The length of the article is 2509 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.Citation DetailsTitle: S...
This digital document is an article from Trailer Boats, published by Ehlert Publishing Group on June 1, 2002. The length of the article is 1843 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.Citation DetailsTitle: Econo...
Propeller Lock Mercruiser/OMC Provide protection against propeller theft with a McGard propeller lock, featuring the same patented design as our stern drive and outboard motor locks. A free spinning collar will turn if attacked by gripping tools without loosening the lock.Constructed of naval brass and hardened stainless steel for maximum security. Once installed our propeller lock offers 24 ho...
The best protection available against costly propeller theft. Once installed the McGard propeller lock offers 24 hour protection during use, storage and transit. A free-spinning collar will turn if attacked by gripping tools without loosening the lock. Constructed of naval brass and hardened stainless steel for maximum security. Fits the following stern drives: MerCruiser III SSM, IV SSM, V SSM, V...
DESCRIPTION Single Drive STERN DRIVE LOCKS Simply replace one of the stern drive mounting nuts with a McGard lock. These stern drive locks are fully machined from high quality stainless steel and through-hardened. This proven design features a free-spinning collar that turns if attacked by gripping tools without loosening the lock. The best protection available against expensive stern drive t...
24 hour a day propeller theft protection for most Mercruiser, Cobra and Yamaha stern drives along with Mercury/Mariner, Johnson/Evinrude and Yamaha outboards, in and out of the water. Machined from naval brass and hardened stainless steel. Free spinning collar that turns if attacked by gripping tools without loosening the lock. To install, replace the propeller nut and washer with the McGard lock...
I'm trying to get a starter bike. I don't want a 350 or less, because they're weak; I wouldn't want anything bigger than a 600/750 because I'm not ready. Just my opinion.
I would prefer a sport bike, rather than a cruiser, but they are both an option. And if I got a cruiser I might consider getting a larger engine.
Another thing, I don't like the old bikes with the square headlights as much. The front end looks a little tacky to me.
About Me: I'm 19 years old, 5'11, 165 lbs. I'm semi-strong for my age, but I can't get something too heavy.
I have $2500 to spend. I've looked at EBay and CraigsList with no success, because I don't know what to look for. (GSX-R, CBR, Ninja -- I like Honda Bikes a lot)
If you could give me models to look for or websites to look for bikes I would greatly appreciate it. Thanks in advance.
GSX-R, CBR and Yamaha R6 or R1 are really very single-purpose sport bikes, really like racing bikes for the street. They are wonderful machines but not for beginners. They're twitchy like thoroughbred racehorses and not forgiving.
The Ninja is not quite as serious. It's a general purpose bike but it's 'sporty'. In fact most of these serious sport bikes has a more general-purpose little brother--the Honda 599, for instance--that has a wider powerband, more moderate steering, a more comfortable seat, a bigger Gas Tank, and makes a better all around bike.
All the Japanese manufacturers are good, they make a good product, reliable and long-lived and economical. I am a Honda person myself but they are all good.
You want to talk to anyone you know who has a bike. Ask him a million questions. Ask him what he thinks is a good bike to learn on. Visit dealers and talk to them, sometimes they have salesmen who know an incredible lot about motorcycles. Especially dealers that sell used bikes if there are any in your area. On a quiet day a salesman will spend an hour with you and you will learn a lot!
Otherwise, look at bikes in your weight and size class. Sit on a bike to see how it feels, you can learn a surprising amount. You want to be able to sit on the bike with both feet flat on the ground, but at 5'11" that probably won't be a problem for you. There are a number of good websites with tips for buying a used bike--what to look for, what questions to ask, etc.
Or if you find a particular model you're interested in, come back here and ask about that specific model.
2002 Suzuki GSXR 750 Gsx-r 750 Starter MotorThe Starter spins when it receives electrical current from the Starter Solenoid. It turns the Starter Clutch, which turns the motor. The Condition of this part is Used.All used Starters are thoroughly tested before they are placed in inventory. Brushes will be good and all electrical contacts will be clean.Click here to see other parts for your motorcy...
2002 Suzuki GSXR 600 Gsx-r 600 Starter MotorThe Starter spins when it receives electrical current from the Starter Solenoid. It turns the Starter Clutch, which turns the motor. The Condition of this part is Used.All used Starters are thoroughly tested before they are placed in inventory. Brushes will be good and all electrical contacts will be clean.Click here to see other parts for your motorcy...
Models: SEA-DOO Marine VTS MOTOR 1997 TILT & TRIM All Models GSI 1996 TILT & TRIM All Models GSX 1997 TILT & TRIM All Models GSX 1998 TILT & TRIM All Models GSX Ltd. 2001 TILT & TRIM All Models RX 2002 TILT & TRIM All Models RX 2000 TILT & TRIM All Models RX DI 2001 TILT & TRIM All Models RX DI 2002 TILT & TRIM All Models RX DI 2003 TILT & TRIM All Models R...
Even if you're not a car audio connoisseur, it's easy to be impressed with a car stereo speaker while looking around in an expo or convention. They're the first thing you'll probably notice, they come in different colors, shapes and sizes. Those big throbbing concaves blaring incredibly low bass lines or cool little tweeters whistling out seething treble sounds.
Car stereo speakers are interesting and very tempting to buy, especially the big loud ones. But big is not always the best. Each speaker has its own unique quality, intended use and price range. Some may also be better than others at certain things so it pays to investigate your type of car stereo amplifier or head unit before you finally decide on a car stereo speaker for your system. Here are some features to consider:
Car stereo speakers are not all the same size and wattage, and this can cause a problem once you try to hook it up in your car. Know the specs of your system. Sort this out ahead of time, it will save you a lot of hassle. You will be happier with your new acquisition if you can get to see it in action as soon as possible.
There are also a lot of car stereo amplifiers on the market, it pays to be aware of how the car stereo speaker you are considering compares to the others, and how compatible it is to your amplifier or the amplifier you're planning to buy. Car stereo speakers and amplifiers go hand in hand. You'll want the car stereo speakers you buy to be suitable for your automotive entertainment needs and not strain the system.
Style can be an important factor when choosing your special car stereo speakers. You'll want the one you choose to fit in perfectly with your other all sorts of stereo speakers. If you're planning to install something different, you have to take into consideration the modifications your going to have to make in order to accommodate your new car stereo speakers.
One of the biggest issues in buying a new type of car stereo speaker is suitability. How suitable your car stereo speakers are is probably the biggest issue. Don't forget the reason you're buying the type of car stereo amplifier in the first place, and ensure that the all sorts of stereo speakers you are looking at will do the job you need no matter what other fancy features they may offer.
Brand is an important consideration when you are shopping for a car stereo speaker. The fact is, one brand of type of car stereo amplifier may have a much better reputation than another, and for good reason. You be the judge. Do your research. Ask car audio enthusiasts. Read magazines and reviews. Do you want to take a chance on just any car stereo speakers, or go for the proven name brand?
Lastly, price is important even if you think it's not. After all, would you want to pay more for your car stereo speakers only to find it cheaper the next day at a different store? Nobody likes that. When shopping for better car stereo speakers, it pays to check at least a couple of different stores, just to make sure you're getting your car stereo speakers at the best price.
Is it possible to hook up stereo speakers to a mono TV?
I ordered surround sound headphones but i realized my TV doesn't have stereo audio inputs, I was thinking i could hook up my Xbox to stereo speakers so that the picture comes up on the tv but the audio comes out of stereo speakers...
Yes , you can ! but is will be MONO , Left and Right speak come out same sound. ( you may need to parallel the in-put )
What Hi-Fi Awards 2009: Stereo speakers - Wharfedale Diamond 10.1
Elvis made a whole lotta records, but not all of them sounded very good. Well, this is one of the absolute audiophile classics among the Elvis catalog. And the songs every one of them are worth inclusion in any collection. Don't miss a true classic.
Track Listings
1. Its Now Or Never
2. Stuck On You
3. Fame And Fortune
4. I Gotta Know
5. Surrender
6. I Feel So Bad
7. Are You Lone...
If anything influenced Duke Ellington's compositions over and over again, it was the impressions and the images he took home with him from his concert tours around the world. In the Sixties, the record company RCA gave him the opportunity to set down these impressions in music and the result is the present Far East Suite, his most convincing work for large orchestra. The 1963 tour took him from Da...
PEARL JAM: No Code (Original "Stereo Speakers" Insert Cover Art from the 1996 CASSETTE) Epic 67500. One of 9 different cover art releases for this release. Contains 13 Tracks...
This DVD has pretty much all the best films about sound and sound reproduction from this historical age. The films encompass a wide range of topics too, from vinyl pressing to film transfer to motion picture sound science to stereophonic sound reproduction. This is a one-of-a-kind compilation, so you can't buy this anywhere else n the world. Running time 96 minutes.
This detailed technical film explains through animation, diagrams, and footage of recording equipment how sound is recorded for motion picture films. There are many interesting scenes of how this engaging process works, including shots of the narrator of the film shown actually recording the soundtrack in real time. As the film will explain in more detail, photographic light valves imprint the fil...
This is a promotional film from RCA that introduces their significant product innovation: new stereophonic sound and recording technology! For 1957, this was exciting new technology for sound enthusiasts and home stereo equipment junkies. In fact, the film focuses on several such audiophiles who are willing to let their social relationships erode completely in favor of better sound! The film also ...
Enjoy rich, full sound, an edgy design, and convenient controls. The Logitech S-120 speaker system is the perfect audio companion to your PC or notebook. Specifications: Speaker Type: Active Response Bandwidth: 50 - 20000 Hz System Components: 2 speakers Nominal Output Power (Total): 2.6 Watt Audio Amplifier: Integrated Connectivity Technology: Wired Controls: Power on/off, volume....
The automatic transmission performs only as well as the automatic transmission fluid (ATF) put into it. Components fo the automatic transmission such as the torque converter, clutch packs, brake bands, gears and hydraulic system all place special demands on ATF.
Torque Converter
The torque converter is a fluid coupler between the engine and the gears of the drivetrain. The torque converter consists of two halves, one attached to the engine (impeller) and one attached to the transmission (turbine).
As the engine spins the impeller, ATF is forced across a small gap onto blades of the turbine, causing it to spin as well. The rotating turbine eventually provides power to the drive wheels.
Fluid Requirements: Thermal and Oxidation Stability. Anti-Corrosion Properties. Seal Compatibility. Minimal Viscosity/Temperature Change Characteristics. Anti-Foam Ability.
Clutch Packs and Brake Bands
These are mechanical devices which release or hold rotating members. When applied with transmission fluid pressure, clutches and brake bands will either hold or turn the gear sets to provide different gear ratios.
Gears are the muscle of any transmission, whether manual or automatic. Gears transfer torque and power and can provide the vehicle with changes in speed and direction.
Planetary gear sets are used as the basic means of transferring or multiplying torque from the engine in an automatic transmission.
Planetary gear offer many advantages over manual slide-type gears. Force is distributed over many teeth for more strength. They are always in mesh and do not have to be shifted to change gears. Therefor, they do not clash like gears going in and out of mesh.
The transmission oil pump, driven by the torque converter, generates fluid pressure inside an automatic transmission.
Pressurized fluid is the force used to move the valves that determine shift points. The control valve assembly senses inputs from many sources and regulates the valves to provide smooth shifts at the correct time, based on vehicle speed and engine load.
AMSOIL Synthetic ATF and other Group IV synthetic oils provides unmatched thermal and oxidation stability, and it maintains its viscosity over a much wider temperature range than conventional ATF, maximizing transmission performance.
About the Author
Steve Tarini-Certified Lubrication Specialist
Amsoil Dealer since 1996-Specializing in Transmission Fluids
To learn more about making your transmission last Contact Amsoil Now
If you want to Solve Your Lubrication Problems then get in touch with us today.
welcome to the 24th Balistik Blabber! The reaction to last week's issue was both surprising and pleasing! Glad you enjoyed it and as promised for this issue, we will be covering one of the best wrestlers who look up to Keiji Mutoh to ever grace the ring! I now present to you... the 21st entry to the "Ex-World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) Talent Discussions"...
TAJIRI!
Seriously, I really shouldn't need to give you an introduction for this man but it is my duty to do so especially if you've never heard of or had completely forgotten about him! By the way, if you're about to scream "WHO EES DAT? HE JUST A WAPANESE WASSLER, HE NOT GOOD OR FAMOUS ROFL LOLZ" then do show yourself to the exit because we don't need that level of observation here. Little is to be found of how and why YOSHIHIRO TAJIRI (NOT related to Yoshihiro Asai aka "Ultimo Dragon") decided to delve into the sport that is professional wrestling except one thing: that he loves it and idolized the great Keiji Mutoh, also known as "The Great Muta"! As a beginner, Tajiri trained in both the Japanese "strong" style (a sort of branch to "shoot style wrestling", putting emphasis on "hybrid styles" such as mixing of karate and wrestling) and the always fascinating "lucha libre" style of wrestling. Sounds like a lethal and stylish combination but it wasn't later in his career that the training results would begin to shine. He made his debut in the late 1980s in the Japanese branch of the Puerto Rico based "International Wrestling Association" (IWA) but only went pro in 1994. Not much later he also appeared in the Japanese division of the Consuejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) as well until 1997 when he joined his first "hardcore" federation, "Big Japan Pro Wrestling" (BJW). There he learned the ropes of the hardcore side of pro wrestling and even got his first taste of gold by winning the BJW Tag Team titles with Ryuji Yamakawa in July 23, 1997! The duo even defended the titles against the infamous team of Gedo and Jado, two of Japan's most notorious heel tag teams and the streak doesn't end there! On February 3, 1998 Tajri defeated Gedo in a tournament style event to win the BJW World Junior Heavyweight title! Indeed, this 5 foot 7 man was destined for great things! This is probably the second time I won't even go halfway through the article to let you know that he made his way into the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) already!
To promote the Light Heavyweight division and its designated torch bearer, Taka Michinoku, the WWF recruited Tajiri to take the fall. Their match happened on the July 14, 1997 edition of RAW and a second time on October 20 that same year after which the events with the BJW earlier mentioned occurred. Now back when Tajiri was wrestling in Puerto Rico, Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) owner Paul Heyman had scouted him and eventually made his move to invite the lithe Japanese talent to his own brand of extreme... on December 1998, Tajiri made his ECW debut... wearing... BLUE TIGHTS?! Bleah! Really, he did! I really thought he looked funny in those tights but every time the bell rung, he really dished out some painful looking moves! The audience that night loved what they saw and soon, the evolution of Tajiri would begin~ to add to his gamut of kicks, aerial assaults and quick grapples, he started wearing the ninja theme pants... he started using an unorthodox stance and mannerisms... and then, he started spitting MIST! As the fans saw in him his legendary idol, this was his tribute to Keiji Mutoh... now he was "THE JAPANESE BUZZSAW"!
In ECW, Tajiri fought a plethora of matches with some of the company's most recognizable names: Tommy Dreamer, Jerry Lynn, Balls Mahoney, James "Little Guido" Maritato, Kid Kash, Pcicosis, "The Human Suplex Machine" Taz and most especially... "The Insane Luchador" Super Crazy! Even today the matches between Tajiri and Super Crazy are held in high regard and is packed full of high flying mayhem! YouTube will surely nab you some of those great moments so give that a go later! Strangely enough, even though Tajiri was in the same company as Rey Mysterio Jr., the two would never have a match together until much later! During his time with the ECW, Tajiri has won the ECW "Television Title" defeating Little Guido & Super Crazy in a 3 Way Dance on April 8, 2000 and the ECW "World Tag Team" titles with Mikey Whipwreck after winning a tag tournament on August 25, 2000! After the "fall" of ECW, Tajiri found a home in the "Combat Zone Wrestling" (CZW), another American hardcore style promotion that utilized fluorescent lights, a meat hook incident and even exploding glass pane matches~ Definitely sounds like home for Tajiri! He appeared for 3 shows and even won the CZW championship title (on February 28, 2001) only to lose it seconds later! Such is the life of a hardcore champion I guess! Two months later, the WWF finally offered Tajiri to be a bigger part of their company than before! He debuted on May 24, 2001 as a FACE (YES, it was true!) playing an assistant to then WWF commissioner William Regal.
Thankfully, he really wasn't going to be a face for long as he betrays the commish and joins the "World Championship Wrestling (WCW) Invasion Alliance". This is the big difference of Tajiri and the emulation of "The Great Muta" - he didn't stick to just being a heel wrestler. Sometimes he was on "the side of good" but come on~ we really like EVIL Tajiri better! Anyway, he kick started his WWF days feuding with Regal and then later turned face again when he fought and beat Alliance member Chris Kanyon (WHOOO BETAAAH?!) for the WCW United State championship with the help of his on-screen fling Torrie Wilson (oh hell yes it was TRUE!) on the September 10, 2001 edition of RAW! The only problem with this was that he lost it not soon after to Rhyno. What to do? Win the WCW Cruiserweight title by defeating Billy Kidman (this is a different title from the WWF Light-Heavyweight title from X-Pac earlier 2001). For awhile he turns face again, teaming up with Eddie Guerrero to win the WWE Tag Team championship! Then he turned heel AGAIN after "blinding" Jamie Noble's girlfriend Nidia with the dreaded black mist which, to me then, was one of the more "twisted" storylines I've ever seen (beating on a supposedly blind woman isn't the best thing in the world to watch...)! Now remember what I said about Tajiri and Mysterio Jr. never having a match against each other back in the old ECW? Well, WWE rectified that problem and boy was it one of the best things they ever thought of! "Rey Mysterio VS Tajiri" was just one of the BEST things to watch on either Smackdown! or RAW! They had so much ring chemistry it was a blast and Tajiri seriously has a lot of what I like to call "anti-Mysterio" moves like avoiding the 6:19 tiger feint kick or giving Rey a taste of boots whenever he made a springboard attempt... MAN I MISS SEEING THESE TWO IN THE RING! Another memorable angle was when Tajiri formed the short-lived stable of "Kyo Dai" with lackeys Akio (now known as "Jimmy Wang Yang") and Sakoda. An interesting story about this is that the WWE wanted this stable to emulate the "Yakuza" gangs of Japanese notoriety. It is believed that Tajiri vehemently rejected the proposal for fear that the real Yakuza would somehow get their hands on him if they made the gimmick look like a joke...
After nearly four years of cruiserweight and tag championships and with his WWE contract nearing its end, Tajiri decided that he wants to go home and be with his family and to pursue other goals. On December 12, 2005, Tajiri fought Gregory Helms to a losing effort as his final televised match after which he received a standing ovation. As of today, Tajiri now wrestles full-time for both "All-Japan Pro Wrestling" (AJWP) and the "HUSTLE" promotion where he has faced the likes of former All-Japan Triple Crown Champions Minoru Suzuki as well as the infamous Toshiaki Kawada, another great utilize of stiff kicks in the ring.
A great wrestling veteran and ALWAYS a pleasure to watch... THAT is Tajiri, and I can't wait to see when the WWE decides to induct him into the Hall of Fame to add to his already grand list of wrestling achievements! What makes him even more appealing to me is that in his emulation of "The Great Muta", he didn't simply copy them... he created his own persona that was well received by the fans and as an added bonus, complemented his idol. In one of multiple "dream tag" matches together, Tajiri and his wrestling hero Keiji Mutoh (as "MUTA OF THE CARRIBEAN") joined forces as a tag team to take on Scott Steiner (yes, "Big Poppa Pump" for you!) and Kohei Suwama in AJPW. In true "Muta" fashion, the pair posed together to spit out their trademark mist (the dynamic pair alternated between green and red variations) into the air! It was a sight to behold and so was the ending of the match! Great stuff! I bet if I were Tajiri at that moment, I would have probably cried tears of joy~ I have yet to find the video in its entirety.
Thanks for reading! See you all in the next Blabber!
Petal tulling can be used in a variety of creative ways. Use them for canopies and archways, as chair ties to create aisleways, as table runners and covers, for gift or basket packaging, as a ribbon, as wall or window treatments... the possibilities are endless!...
Shaw Rugs announces Regal Heritage a new collection of licensed designs by Nourison. These beautiful rugs update traditional Persian and elegantly styled European designs with billiant new colors and unusual decorative elements yet maintain an unmistakable classic appeal....
Shaw Rugs announces Regal Heritage a new collection of licensed designs by Nourison. These beautiful rugs update traditional Persian and elegantly styled European designs with billiant new colors and unusual decorative elements yet maintain an unmistakable classic appeal....
Telescopes up in 1' increments to just the height you need. Telescopes down automatically to: (1400T) 27", (1600) 30" and (1800) 33". Made from high quality, high strength, lightweight aluminum alloys. High quality non slip rubber bumpers and feet. Molded serrated climbing rungs for sure grip and stability....
Adjustable on one side in 1' increments to be used on stairs and uneven surfaces. Telescopes down automatically to: (10S) 27", (1600) 30" and (1800) 33". Locking top spreader bars for safety. Made from high quality, high strength, lightweight aluminum all oys. High quality non slip rubber bumpers and feet. Wide bottom stabilizer bar for ladder stability. Molded serrated wide climbing rungs for sur...
Telescopes up in 1' increments to just the height you need. Telescopes down automatically to: (1400T) 27", (1600) 30" and (1800) 33". Made from high quality, high strength, lightweight aluminum alloys. High quality non slip rubber bumpers and feet. Molded serrated climbing rungs for sure grip and stability....
Get groovy in the New Era MLB Vintage Regal Tee. This comfortable 100% ringspun combed cotton tee combines high-density and soft-hand screenprinting to give you an oversized team logo and name. The tie-dye base will make observers dazed by your style, but not confused on who you root for. Get the New Era MLB Vintage Regal Tee...it would be cooler if you did. Imported....
Get groovy in the New Era MLB Vintage Regal Tee. This comfortable 100% ringspun combed cotton tee combines high-density and soft-hand screenprinting to give you an oversized team logo and name. The tie-dye base will make observers dazed by your style, but not confused on who you root for. Get the New Era MLB Vintage Regal Tee...it would be cooler if you did. Imported....
Get groovy in the New Era MLB Vintage Regal Tee. This comfortable 100% ringspun combed cotton tee combines high-density and soft-hand screenprinting to give you an oversized team logo and name. The tie-dye base will make observers dazed by your style, but not confused on who you root for. Get the New Era MLB Vintage Regal Tee...it would be cooler if you did. Imported....
Today everyone requires a good GPS system to be installed in their cars. It is one of the most useful car accessories and the GPS market is flooded with different brands. Here’s a small checklist on how to make your pick from the available brands.
The mapping system should be given the first consideration – Check if the unit is able to completely cover your area.
Software and support structure – Your GPS unit needs to update regularly.
Check for the USB cables that come along with the system
Battery life needs to be carefully evaluated before the purchase
There are many competitive GPS systems, of which Garmin GPS and Magellan GPS are famous brand names. The most impressive of the lot is the Garmin Nuvi series. TomTom is also a good brand that is currently selling out in large. It is one of the cheaper brands and a good bet for an economical purchase. Another way to select a right model for personal use is to check online GPS reviews. They give ample information on technical aspects and pricing details. Here’s a quick comparison of the technical aspects for Garmin and Magellan models.
Garmin Nuvi
Receiver – 12 channels; SBAS – WAAS and EGNOS
Software – Garmin City Navigator
Maps – North America
Accuracy –Position - 10 m ¦ Velocity - 0.5 m/sec ¦ Position - 5 m ( with WAAS ) ¦ Velocity - 0.05 m/sec ( with WAAS)
Connectivity – Through USB
Other important features - External GPS antenna connection, hands-free calling via Bluetooth, built-in microphone, built-in speaker, alarm, calculator, games, clock, 2D / 3D map perspective, Garmin Lock, custom POIs, preinstalled POIs
Magellan
Software – NAVTEQ ON BOARD
Maps – Canada, USA, Puerto Rico
Connectivity – Hi-Speed USB
GPS Functions – Distance, ETA
Additional features - 2D / 3D map perspective, preinstalled POI’s
I have no more ports on my computer and am wondering if there is a cable with two ports or adapters so i can use two Accessories like my GPS and camera.I have probably not explained it correct,hope so.
Thanks a lot
yes there are, its not expensive at all. you either need a usb hub like these
Humminbird Connector Cables let you hook handheld receivers to your GPS ready unit. Got a GPS-ready Humminbird Fishfinder? Now you can hook it up to your handheld GPS unit. Supplies 12V DC to power your handheld unit too! Compatible with NMEA output from most handheld GPS units. Bare wire NMEA cable requires handheld GPS maker's NWEA data cable to complete connection to your handheld GPS. Order To...
Humminbird AS PC2 Personal Computer Serial Connection Cable . Using HumminbirdPC software and serial data communication capabilites of your PC you can access the most advanced capabilites of the Matrix Fishing System - PC serial port cable with DB9 connector - 9V power cable and detailed instructions - Requires: PC serial port 2-9V batteries HumminbirdPC software - Can be used with Matrix 10 ...
Raymarine SeaTalk hs network cables provide waterproof, reliable, high-speed connections between E-Series components. Available in multiple lengths to simplify installation, the network cable locks positively into E-Series displays, switches and couplers. A 1.5 meter SeaTalk hs cable is supplied with each E80 and E120 display....
This low profile, light weight and secure suction cup is the perfect way to secure your Apple iPhone 3G & 3GS in your vehicle. Simply attach the suction cup base to the windshield of your vehicle for an easy and safe way to view your iPhone in your vehicle. Rubber ball and socket technology allows for almost infinite adjustment and perfect viewing angles. High quality materials ensure your iPhone ...
This RAM high strength composite cradle is designed to hold the following devices: Apple iPhone 3G Apple iPhone 3G S Material:High Strength Composite Note:The "U" in the part number reflects product packaged in poly bag. The cradle includes a set of two nuts and bolts to connect the cradle to any of the RAM compatible mounts. RAM cradles do not include the RAM-B-238U (Diamond Base & Ball) or RAP-B...
Give your Lowrance GPS receiver a sleek, professional appearance with this mounting kit, which suspends the receiver flush with your vehicle's dashboard. Appropriate for boats, cars, trucks, and any other vehicle with a decent-sized dash, the kit keeps your receiver from sticking out like a sore thumb while you navigate. Plus, the flush location puts the controls and display in an easy-to-read and...
Give your Lowrance GPS receiver a sleek, professional appearance with this mounting kit, which suspends the receiver flush with your vehicle's dashboard. Appropriate for boats, cars, trucks, and any other vehicle with a decent-sized dash, the kit keeps your receiver from sticking out like a sore thumb while you navigate. Plus, the flush location puts the controls and display in an easy-to-read and...
Shoreline Change Monitoring in Tuticorin Coast - India, Using Remote Sensing and Gis Tools
Introduction
Shoreline or coastline, the boundary between land and sea keeps changing its shape and position continuously due to dynamic environmental conditions. The change in shoreline is mainly associated with waves, tides, winds, periodic storms, sealevel change, the geomorphic processes of erosion and accretion and human activities. Shoreline also depicts the recent formations and destructions that have happened along the shore. Waves change the coastline morphology and forms the distinctive coastal landforms. The loose granular sediments continuously respond to the ever-changing waves and currents. The beach profile is important, in that it can be viewed as an effective natural mechanism, which causes waves to break and dissipate their energy. When breakwaters are constructed, they upset the natural equilibrium between the sources of beach sediment and the littoral drift pattern. In response, shoreline changes its configuration in attempt to reach a new equilibrium (Ramesh and Ramachandran 2001). Monitoring changes in shoreline helps to identify the nature and processes that caused these changes in any specific area, to assess the human impact and to plan management strategies. Remote sensing data could be used effectively to monitor the changes along the coastal zone including shoreline with reasonable accuracy. Remote sensing data helps and / or replaces the conventional survey by its repetitive and less cost-effectiveness. Hence, in order to study the coastal processes in Tuticorin coastal area, the shoreline change, wave action, bathymetry and coastal geomorphology were analyzed using Remote Sensing and GIS tools.
Study area
Tuticorin coast has a major port and it is a rapidly developing area. The study area falls in the latitudinal and longitudinal extensions of 8° 40’ – 8° 55’ N and 78° 0’ – 78° 15’ E on the Tamil Nadu, East Coast of India (fig 1). Major Industries such as Southern Petrochemical Industrial Corporation, Thermal Power Plant, Tuticorin Alkali Chemicals and Heavy Water Plant are also present in this area. Due to the accelerated development activities the coastal area experience significant changes.
Tuticorin was a centre of maritime trade and pearl fishery for more than 2000 years. To cope with increasing trade through Tuticorin, the government of India sanctioned the construction of an all weather port at Tuticorin. On 11-7-1974, the newly constructed Tuticorin port was declared as the tenth major port. On 1-4-1979, the erstwhile Tuticorin minor port and the newly constructed Tuticorin major port were merged and the Tuticorin Port Trust was constituted under the major port trusts act, 1963.
Methodology
Geomorphology
Geocoded IRS LISS III May 2002 imagery was used to prepare coastal geomorphology map adopting visual interpretation technique. In the present study, the classification system developed by the Space Application Center, Ahmedabad for the nation wide coastal geomorphic mapping was adopted for the study (SAC 1991).
Shoreline change
Survey of India toposheets No. L1 & L5 of (1969) (lat: 8° 40 '- 8° 55', long: 78° 0' - 78° 15'; Scale 1:50,000) were used as a base map. They was digitized, edited, geometrically projected and transformed through ARC INFO to maintain real world coordinates. To eliminate the effect of tidal influence in shoreline change study, low tide satellite data were used. SOI toposheets 1969, Landsat 5 TM May 1993, IRS P2 LISS II May 1996 and IRS 1C LISS III May 2002 satellite data were used to assess the changes in shoreline for 33 years period from 1969 to 2002. Raster data procured through satellites were geometrically corrected using the Survey of India toposheet as a base. More than 25 ground control points were taken and the Root Mean Square (RMS) error for geometric correction is 0.002. Band 1 of IRS P2 LISS II 1996, band 5 of LANDSAT 5 TM 1993 and band 3 of IRS 1C LISS III 2002 were used. These different bands were used based on their contrast between land and ocean. In these bands the information content is more in land as compared to water. The Landsat 5 TM 1993, IRS P2 1996 and IRS 1C LISS III 2002 data were vectorised by adopting onscreen digitization technique with single pixel zoom level using ERDAS imagine 8.4 software. The vector layers of the shoreline got through on screen digitization in ERDAS imagine and vectorisation through ArcInfo were imported as Arc coverage for the above four data sets. Each of the data sets had a polygon ID 1 for Land area and 2 for Ocean. The shoreline obtained from Survey of India toposheet of 1969 and the shoreline demarcated through the satellite data of Landsat 5 TM 1993, IRS P2 1996, and IRS 1C 2002 were kept in different coverage in the same projection and map coordinates. These four coverages were overlaid through Arc info GIS. Shoreline change map of 1969 to 1993, 1993 to 1996 and 1996 to 2002 were generated. The resolution differs for different satellite data products. For LANDSAT 5 TM, IRS P2 and IRS 1C resolutions were 30m, 73.5m and 23.5m respectively. Though there is resolution difference, edge detection technique gives a clear demarcation of land and water boundary. The shoreline features were brought to Arcview GIS for further querying and analysis.
Wave pattern recognition
Remote Sensing is becoming a major tool in identifying the coastal processes spatially. Infrared band gives the maximum information on ocean parameters, so band 3 of IRS P2 1996, band 2 of IRS 1C of 2001 and band 2 of IRS 1C 2002 were used for the identification of wave patterns. Noise reduction technique is applied to the IRS P2 May 1996, IRS 1C May 2001 and IRS 1C May 2002 data for enhancing the image. Convolution filtering technique with 3*3 kernel edge detect is applied to IRS P2 May 1996, IRS 1C May 2001 and IRS 1C May 2002 for enhancing the wave characteristics for interpretation.
Coastal Bathymetry
For coastal bathymetry studies Naval Hydrographic Organisation (NHO) chart 1999 is interpolated, interpreted and analysed using Arcinfo and Arcview GIS. The NHO chart number is 2075, scale is 1:50000 and the density of spot soundings is 4 per sq.km. This chart was surveyed in 1975-1976, in transverse mercator projection, updated in 1999 and the tidal levels referred to datum of soundings is Lat 8° 48' and Long 78° 10' and the heights in meters above datum is MHWS 1.0, MHWN 0.7, MLWN 05, MLWS 03 and MSL 0.6 respectively. TIN interpolation technique is adopted for spatial interpolation and DEM generation. Zero is defined as datum or the reference to which the depth is measured. Representation of the seabed in this model is in the form of elevation matrix formed by overlaying a square grid mesh over the surface and recording the elevation value for each grid cell. The cell values are organized in matrix form where the row and column numbers imply the x-y co-ordinate of the cell respectively. The elevation matrix is produced by interpolation from irregularly spaced bathymetric data points over a contour map. The three dimensional view and the slope of bathymetry is derived by applying TIN spatial analysis model using Arc View 3.2a software.
Results and Discussion
Coastal Geomorphology
Sandy beach
Sandy beaches are the product of waves interacting with a sandy beach at the shoreline. The sandy beaches are extensively developed along the entire coast of study area except at some places. Tuticorin is covered by long and extensive sandy beach. It trends in north-south direction. Well developed sandy beach is identified below south harbour breakwater. This beach is dominated by an admixture of quartz, feldspars and mica minerals. The beach is found as thick white patch at south of south harbour breakwater in satellite imagery (fig.2).
Spits
A spit is a small point of low tongue or narrow bankment, commonly consisting of sand or gravel deposited by a long-shore drifting and having one end attached to the mainland and other terminating in the open sea. It is identified in white patch in satellite imagery (fig.2). Two spit formations have been observed in south of the urban coast. Normally the formation of spit has been attributed to the movement and deposition of materials by long shore current (Thornbury 1969). Spit indicates seaward progradation (Loveson and Rajamanickam 1987). The spit near Tuticorin is 0.75 to 2 km long and tongue shaped. Tuticorin spit has resulted by long shore currents during monsoon and the sediments discharged by Tamiraparani River.
Beach ridges
Beach ridges are moderately undulating terrain features of marine depositional type, formed during pliestocene to recent age, in the plains of the study area. They are low, essentially continuous beach or beach dune materials (sand, gravel and shingle) heaped up by the action of wave and currents on the backshore of a beach beyond the present limit of storm waves or the reach of ordinary tides, and occurring as a single or as one of a series of approximately parallel deposits (Chockalingam 1993). The beach ridges have been recognized as representing successive still-stand position of sea of an advancing shoreline from satellite imagery. Beach ridges of Tuticorin are highly reworked.
Mudflat
Mudflat is a flat area containing a fluid to plastic mixture of finely derived particles of solid material mainly silt and clay water. They are always associated with silted environments like lagoons, estuaries and other embankments. Mudflats are formed by the deposition of fine inorganic material and organic debris in particulate form. Mud flats are wide expense of deposit of clay, silt, ooze, etc (Davies 1972). Mudflats are well developed at the river mouth of Koramballam Oodai, an estuarine environment. They appear as dark black tone in satellite imagery .
Dune complex
Dune complex is an important geomorphic unit comprising of active and loose sediment heaps with negligible amount of vegetation. In this zone, the aeolian activity is reportedly high resulting in migration without a major change in their shapes. It indicates the age of late Pliestocene to Recent (Loveson 1993). Tuticorin is situated in dune complex .
Teri dune complex
Teri dune complex is an undulating terrain having loose heaps of red color sand and silt dust of aeolian origin. They represent Pliestocene to Recent age of formation (Loveson 1993; Loveson et. al. 1990). They appeared as round to oval shaped mounts with dense vegetation. It is assumed that the fierce and continuous winds of south west monsoon by sweeping up vast clouds of dust from the dry surface of the red loam, exposed at the base of the hills must have brought and deposited their load of sediments near the coast over the plain to form Teri dune complex (Ahmad 1972). All dune complexes in this area are trending in the northeast to southeast direction. In recent years, these Teri dune complexes are being utilized for cultivation also. It is identified in greenish yellow color in satellite imagery.
Shoreline change
Shoreline is one of the important dynamic coastal features where the land, air and sea meet. In any open coast, when manmade structures such as harbour or breakwaters interfere with the littoral currents shoreline changes drastically. Chauhan and Nayak (1995) have studied the shoreline changes using the satellite data covering low tide period. During the low tide condition, maximum land is exposed and even low water line / land water boundary and high water line are distinctly visible. This enables better mapping of the shoreline. The demarcation and the areal extent of the sites of erosion and accretion are queried and estimated through Arc View GIS package (fig. 3). The total areas of erosion during the periods 1969 to 1993, 1993 to 1996 and 1996 to 2002 are given in table 1. It was observed that during 1969 to 1993 the erosion along the coastline of Tuticorin area was 9 ha. During the period of 1993 to 1996 it was 14 ha and in the period 1996 to 2002 it was 18 ha. Most of the erosion was observed in sand spit, Hare Island and at urban coast (fig. 3). The total areas of accretion during the periods 1969 to 1993, 1993 to 1996 and 1996 to 2002 are given in table 2. The accretion during the different periods were 138 ha (1969 to 1993),
18 ha (1993 to 1996) and 23 ha (1996 to 2002) (fig. 3). Since accretion was more than the erosion, the entire shoreline could be considered as the shore of progradation. Rajamanickam (1991) observed the features of emergence and submergence respectively along the southern parts of Tamilnadu. He also suggested upwarping along Tuticorin area.
For analyzing the shoreline change in the study area, specific sites such as south harbour breakwater, Hare Island, sand spit and urban coast were studied for erosion and accretion. Urban coast is the coastline of the urban area. It is demarcated and shown in the figure 3. The areal extent of erosion and accretion observed in the abovesaid areas are presented in Table 3 and 4. Both erosion and accretion factors were avoided in estuarine environment since demarcation of shoreline is not accurately possible in estuarine environment because this area is highly dynamic.
In sand spit (fig. 4 & 5), during 1969 to 1993 erosion was 4 ha and the accretion was 7 ha, during 1993 to 1996 erosion was 4 ha and accretion was 3 ha and during 1996 to 2002 erosion was 5 ha. and accretion was 2 ha (Table 3 & 4). In sand spit the erosion is noticed at wave exposed side and accretion is noticed at leeward side of the spit. This may be due to the transport of eroded sediments from the wave exposed side to the leeward side of the spit.
Tombalo structure formation is noticed in between Tuticorin mainland and Hare Island
(fig. 2). This is due to longshore sedimentation from south to north resulting in the Hare Island and the mainland to link. It took geological years to link the mainland and Hare Island. In Hare Island (fig. 4 & 5), during the period of 1969 to 1993 erosion was 4 ha, during 1993 to 1996 erosion was 6 ha and during 1996 to 2002 erosion was 6 ha (Table 3). There is no accretion activity observed in Hare Island.
In South harbour breakwater (fig. 4 & 5), during the period of 1969 to 1993 accretion was 81 ha, during 1993 to 1996 accretion was 8 ha and during 1996 to 2002 accretion was 18 ha. There is no erosion observed (Table 4). The accretion here takes place in curvilinear manner. Accretion in curvilinear manner along the shoreline results in a formation of beach and similar paleo beach ridges were noticed besides the beach. The curvilinear formation of this paleo beach ridges is termed geomorphologically as strandlines.
At urban coast (Fig. 4 & 5), erosion was 1 ha and accretion was 15 ha during 1969 to 1993, erosion was 3 ha and accretion was 6 ha from 1993 to 1996, and the erosion was 3 ha and accretion was 3 ha for the period 1996 to 2002. The observation shows that the erosion is lower and accretion is higher in this site (Table 3 & 4). It is also observed that there is not much shoreline change in the urban environment. Loveson and Rajamanickam (1987 and 1988a) and Loveson et al (1990) have also reported the changes in shoreline of south Indian coast based on deposition of landforms like beach ridges, occurrence of backwater zone etc., through remote sensing based geomorphological interpretation. Loveson and Rajamanickam (1988b) have also pointed out the possible fall of sea level in Tuticorin coast due to neotectonic emerging of the seafloor. The prevailing winds noticed at Tuticorin area were maximum at North West, North East and North directions respectively. Prevailing winds were also noticed at South West, South and South East directions but the majority of the months experience NW, NE and N winds only. The wind speed ranges from 9-16 km/hr.
Table 1: Erosion observed at Tuticorin coast during 1969, 1993, 1996 and 2002
Year Erosion
1969-1993 9 ha.
1993-1996 14 ha.
1996-2002 18 ha.
Table 2: Accretion observed at Tuticorin coast during 1969, 1993, 1996 and 2002
Year Accretion
1969-1993 138 ha.
1993-1996 18 ha.
1996-2002 24 ha.
Table 3: Erosion observed at specific sites in Tuticorin coast during 1969, 1993, 1996 and 2002
Year Spit Hare Island Urban Coast
1969-1993 4 ha. 4 ha. 1 ha.
1993-1996 4 ha. 6 ha. 3 ha.
1996-2002 5 ha. 6 ha. 3 ha.
1969-2002 13 ha. 16 ha. 7 ha.
Table 4: Accretion observed at specific sites in Tuticorin coast during 1969, 1993, 1996 and 2002
Year Spit Below South harbour breakwater Urban Coast
1969-1993 7 ha. 81 ha. 15 ha.
1993-1996 3 ha. 8 ha. 6 ha.
1996-2002 2 ha. 18 ha. 3 ha.
1969-2002 12 ha. 107 ha. 24 ha.
Wave pattern
Depending on the wave pattern, which was present in imagery, various features such as refracted waves, diffracted waves and shadow zone were identified. These features play a major role in shaping the shoreline, which also depends on the geographic features that exist along the coast.
Wave refraction
In the study area wave refraction is observed in the tip of the northern harbour breakwater. Wave propagation and its refraction pattern is clearly identified in IRS P2 May 1996 and IRS 1C LISS III May 2001 and IRS 1C LISS III May 2002 satellite imageries (fig. 6, 7 & 8). The linear progressive wave from the offshore area is almost progressing with an angle of 115° with respect to the mainland. The angularity of the wave propagation is measured through Arc View GIS 3.2 software. They propagate in SW to NE, towards mainland. The north breakwater is exactly perpendicular (90°) to the direction of the wave (fig. 6, 7 & 8). When the wave touches the north breakwater the wave breaks running along the breakwater. The refracted wave passes along with harbour breakwater, almost two kilometers in distance and dissipates its energy (fig. 6, 7 & 8). In the south break water a shoal is present and this shoal hinders the refracted waves and dissipates its energy. This refracted wave doesn’t cause any coastal geomorphic change to the headland because it doesn’t touch it.
Wave diffraction
Diffraction of water waves is a process by which energy flow laterally along wave crest. Most obvious example is when waves are intercepted by an impervious structure such as breakwater. Presence of an obstruction scatters wave disturbance and give rise to fanning of wave trains on the lee or shadow of the obstruction. Diffraction is a common phenomenon around islands and can create substantial disturbance to the coastal region which adds further to the dynamic nature of the coast. IRS P2 May 1996, IRS LISS III 2001 and IRS LISS III 2002 data gives a clear representation of diffracted waves in the study area. Diffraction of wave is observed in the Vann Island and as well as the Hare Island. Since these islands were the major source of obstruction for the ocean waves, they give rise to fanning of wave trains (fig. 6, 7 & 8). Wave diffracts around with face of Hare Island and dissipates energy. Change in shoreline is clearly shown in fig. 3. The erosion that has been identified in sand spit and Hare Island are only due to wave diffraction. This is interpreted through IRS P2 1996, IRS 1C 2001 and IRS 1C 2002 coastal processes study and 1969 to 2002 shoreline change study. Erosion / accretion problem in the study area is not due to harbour location and its activity. Accretion observed at the leeward side of sand spit is due to this diffraction (Fig. 5). The deposition of sediments is also due to the convergence of the diffracted wave in the windward side of the sand spit.
Shadow zone
When two waves converge with one another, the energy at the place of convergence becomes negligible and the waves become calm. The point at which the two waves get converged is known as point of convergence and the area at which this phenomena occurs is known as the shadow zone. Shadow zone is very well identified from IRS P2 1996, IRS 1C LISS III 2001 and IRS 1C LISS III 2002 imageries. In the study area the shadow zone is observed in between Hare island and Vann island and also below the south harbour breakwater. When the diffracted wave from both the Hare Island and Vann Island converges, shadow zone is formed. The point of convergence and the shadow zone is clearly shown in the figure 6. The same phenomenon was observed below the southern breakwater. Here when the linear progressive wave touches the south of harbour breakwater the wave breaks. Since the hinterland is curvilinear the waves from the south breakwater’s mainland converges with the linear progressive waves and forms a shadow zone (fig. 6, 7 & 8). There is not much problem because of this shadow zone formation in the study area.
Bathymetry
Monitoring of coastal bathymetry is vital for designing of ports and coastal structures. It is also important for the exploration and exploitation of non-living and living resources, to understand the dynamics of ocean processes in the continental shelves, for ship mooring and assessment of marine living habitats. In a GIS, the modeling of the Z-axis has become an important element. When the 3-D model is specifically applied to represent terrain, then this digital representation of the elevation is termed as a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The 3D Tuticorin Bathymetry Elevation Model derived from Naval Hydrographic Chart is shown in figure 9. The slope analysis of Tuticorin port and its environment inferred from the 3-dimensional bathymetry model reveals that the slope is gradually declining in the direction of NW to SE. Gentle slope (1 - 4 °) is observed adjacent to the urban coast as well as above and below the harbour area (fig. 9). Attenuation of waves is more when it reaches the nearshore area and where the depth is minimum and the different wave patterns observed because of this attenuation is clearly seen using satellite remote sensing (fig. 8).
Waves observed from the satellite imagery and shoreline change were integrated and the effect of wave over the erosion / accretion site gives the reason for the site to be eroding or accreting. Moreover bathymetry also supports this. The analysis of wave action from 1996 – 2002 provides the information that the wave action is similar from the geologic past. Moreover the study area has also specific pattern of accretion as observed through strandlines present in south of Tuticorin harbour. So this wave data gives a clear idea about the shoreline change in the present study. From the vicinity of the harbour, in the direction of NW to SE, steep slopes were observed further offshore (fig. 9). The net sediment transport is from south to north. Delta sedimentation is also observed near Koramballam Odai and this river mouth is sheltered with depth value less than 2m. This is very well identified through satellite imagery. Sediment transport and the slope variations inferred from the urban coastal and harbour environment clearly show that the chances are less for sediments to enter into harbour breakwater (fig. 9). Hence not much dredging activity is required in Tuticorin harbour area.
Conclusion
The coastal processes in Tuticorin coastal area, the shoreline change, wave action, bathymetry and coastal geomorphology were analysed using Remote Sensing and GIS tools. The erosion and accretion observed at Tuticorin using temporal satellite imageries show that the shoreline dynamics is natural and this is not due to human interference. Coastal processes play a major role in shaping the coastal configuration of this area. The integrative approach using Remote Sensing and GIS tools clearly illustrates both the cause and reasons for the shoreline change. The results of this study will be more useful for shoreline management.
About the Author
The Author is a Project Manager in Stesalit Inc.
http://www.stesalit-inc.com/userexperience.html
How long will an oil fire covering the Gulf Of Mexico take to burn out all the Earth's oxygen?
Sooner or later the oil slick caused by BP is gonna catch on fire and overwhelm conventional fire fighting technology.
Imagine the entire Gulf Of Mexico ablaze with burning oil.
All the coastal cities and infrastructure are toast. Everybody and everything cremated.
How long will it take for this fire to consume all the oxygen out of the Earth's atmosphere causing all life on Earth to die of suffocation?
12 hours?
A week?
How long?
The deadline is December 21st 2012.
All life has gotta be outta here by then.
"The deadline is December 21st 2012."
I'm not sure what the end of the Mayan calendar has to do with it (nothing, actually), but in answer to your question, about 9 days. Party on, dude.
Best Wakeboard Bindings - Best Wakeboard Bindings Sale & Reviews
Do you want to enjoy one adrenaline pumping Water Sports with your friends or even with your family this summer? Are you trying to consider wakeboarding to be one of the activity you'll really enjoy one of these days? This sport will even be much fun if you will have the best wakeboard bindings there is. Here are some of the best wakeboard bindings that are now up for grabs in the market and on the internet.
One of the best wakeboard bindings you can find in the market would be the Kwik Tek Airhead VISE Wakeboard Binding. This wakeboard binding is considered to be very user-friendly and very comfortable to use. It is also very affordable and it has a unique design that you would surely adore.
2. World Industries Faction Adult Wakeboard Binding Pair
The World Industries Faction Adult Wakeboard Binding Pair is one of the best wakeboard bindings available in the market because of it's very reasonable price and the best fit that it gives you. It will definitely give you an amazing comfortable time when you use it. It's also very user-friendly and easy to use. So, you don't have to worry a lot.
3. Liquid Force Alpha Wakeboard Boots
The Liquid Force Alpha Wakeboard Boots is considered to be one of the best wakeboard bindings that would really best fit you because it has a fashionable and unique design that will surely make you stand out from the crowd. It is also very comfortable to use, so your feet won't really hurt at all. The price is also guaranteed to be very reasonable enough for this kind of great product.
Being able to buy the best wakeboard bindings that would really best fit your needs would be much easier if you would consider buying one of the products that are mentioned above. You will surely have a great bonding time with the people you really love because of these wakeboard bindings. I hope you will enjoy your summer!
You don't have to interrupt the party to restock the cooler with AIRHEAD's AQUA OASIS! The insulated leak-proof nylon cooler lifts up from the inflatable vinyl base and has an adjustable shoulder strap. It keeps 24 cans ice cold for hours.The 6 drink holders in the floating base are marked with numbers to help you and your friends keep track of your drinks. The sundry holder is a convenient place ...
DP-56 DRY PAK GPS / PDA / Smart Phone Case Convenient Stylus Holder 5 in. wide x 6 in. long Clear TPU front blue TPU back padded and lined Adjustable neck lanyard & anodized aluminum spring hook Yellow sealing clip for high visibility For beach pool boating paddling etc. Maximum circumference: 9 in....
US $9.99
